The Persian Heriz rug, showcases a rich historical background and intricate tribal design. Specifically, the rug described here features a rust background and a medium blue border, with the main color being red. Crafted circa 1920, this rug is composed of wool on a cotton foundation, a common characteristic of high-quality Heriz rugs known for their durability.

Heriz rugs are particularly notable for their bold geometric patterns and prominent central medallions. The "diamond on a square" medallion design, which this rug likely exemplifies, has roots dating back to the late 19th century and reflects a blend of rustic village craftsmanship and sophisticated Persian court designs. The villagers of Heris adapted these intricate designs from antique carpets under the influence of Tabriz merchants, who aimed to produce large, market-worthy carpets for export.

The geometric designs of Heriz rugs have a historical influence traced back to the 13th-century Mongol invasion and settlement in Iran's northwest, shaping the region's carpet industry. The cold climate of Heriz contributes to the production of fine wool, which serves as the primary material for these rugs. The long winters make rug weaving an ideal winter occupation for locals.

Cultural exchanges have also played a significant role in shaping the distinctive features of Heriz rugs. The designs and techniques of neighboring tribes, including Turks, Armenians, and Kurds, have influenced the bold and angular patterns that set Heriz rugs apart from other Persian varieties. Dense piles characterize these rugs, enhancing their durability and making them suitable for various settings, especially spaces with woodwork.

In terms of construction, the detailed description of this particular rug includes a prominent central medallion with complex geometric and floral motifs. The medallion's starburst shape features multiple layers, with points extending toward the rug's edges. The surrounding field is filled with smaller geometric shapes and stylized floral patterns, such as angular lines and diamond shapes, creating a dense, ornate appearance.

The color palette is dominated by vibrant red and deep blue, with accent colors like pink, yellow, cream, and black for added depth. The inner border is narrow with a sequence of small geometric and floral patterns, while the main border is wider and decorated with large, intricate medallions and floral motifs. These patterns are framed by small contrasting shapes, contributing to the rug's visual complexity. The outer border features a simpler linear design.

Overall, this antique Heriz rug is a testament to its rich cultural heritage, intricate craftsmanship, and historical significance. Crafted around 1920, it represents the enduring traditions of Persian rug weaving, blending aesthetic beauty with functional durability.